1‐(2‐Methyl‐5‐phenyl‐3‐thien­yl)‐2‐(3‐methyl‐5‐phenyl‐2‐thien­yl)‐3,3,4,4,5,5‐hexa­fluoro­cyclo­pent‐1‐ene: a novel photochromic hybrid diaryl­ethene

The title compound, C₂₇H₁₈F₆S₂, a novel photochromic hybrid diaryl­ethene derivative containing 2‐ and 3‐thienyl substituents, is one of the most promising photochromic candidates with shorter wavelength for optical storage and other optoelectronic devices. In the crystal structure, the mol­ecule adopts a photoactive antiparallel conformation. The distance between the two reactive C atoms, i.e. the ring C atoms to which the methyl groups are attached, is 3.430 (4) Å. The dihedral angles between the thienyl and adjacent phenyl rings are 26.8 (2) and 33.98 (9)°.     

Efficient synthesis of morolic acid and related triterpenes starting from betulin

Morolic acid (1) is a naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpene whose derivatives exhibit promising anti-HIV and other biological activities. An efficient synthesis of 1 has been accomplished in 11 steps with a total yield of 24% starting from betulin. Some related natural triterpenes including moradiol (4), acridocarpusic acid D (5), acridocarpusic acid E (6), and moronic aldehyde (7) have also been synthesized. Biological assay results showed that 1, 5, and 6 exhibited moderate inhibitory activity against glycogen phosphorylase.     

Directed 3-cycle decompositions of complete directed graphs with quadratic leaves

Let G be a vertex-disjoint union of directed cycles in the complete directed graph D_t, let |E(G)| be the number of directed edges of G and suppose or if t=5, and if t=6. It is proved in this paper that for each positive integer t, there exist -decompositions for D_t−G if and only if .     

An immunoassay for bisphenol A based on direct hapten conjugation to the polystyrene surface of microtiter plates

Based on direct hapten coated format a competitive indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ciELISA) for bisphenol A (BPA) was developed. Polystyrene surface was modified by 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) to produce amino groups after H₂SO₄/HNO₃-pre-treatment. 4,4-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) valeric acid (BVA) which is analogue of BPA, was successfully immobilized on the surface of microtiter plates by N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) method. The essential steps of the assay were optimized, especially blocking procedure which is key step to prevent unspecific binding of antibody. The results indicated that compared with hapten-protein coated format (IC₅₀ = 176.67 ng ml⁻¹, LOD = 15.90 ng ml⁻¹), the direct hapten coated format (IC₅₀ = 23.50 ng ml⁻¹, LOD = 0.27 ng ml⁻¹) could improve assay sensitivity and the detection ranges were 2.30 ng∼157.60 ng ml⁻¹ with good signal reproducibility (P value > 0.05) after careful optimization of assay conditions. Tap water samples and seawater samples were spiked with a known amount of BPA and measured by ciELISA. The average recoveries were between 70 and 142%. As far as we are aware this is the most sensitive ELISA for BPA yet reported.     

Chemical oxidative degradation of Polybenzimidazole in simulated environment of fuel cells

The chemical oxidative degradation process of poly [2,2′-(m-phenylene)-5,5′-bibenzimidazole] (PBI) in simulated environment of fuel cells was evaluated. From the mechanical properties and the intrinsic viscosity of PBI, it was observed that the stress at break of PBI membranes decreased and the macromolecular chains of PBI were broken after the treatment in Fenton reagent for 24 h. From the photos of Scanning Electron Microscope, it was identified that there were lots of corroded holes in PBI membranes. By means of FTIR and ¹H NMR analysis, it was shown that during the treatment of PBI in the presence of HO or HOO free radicals the hydrogen atom of N-H bond in imidazole ring was liable to be oxidized, and the phenyl was oxidized with the formation of quinine and dicarboxylic acid structures. In the end, the possible mechanism of the chemical oxidative degradation of PBI was proposed.     

低温热处理制备介孔NiO、Co3O4及超电容性能研究

在不使用有机试剂的条件下, 通过简单的水热法制备了纳米结构的Ni(OH)2与Co(OH)2, 低温热处理得到NiO与Co3O4. 透射电子显微镜及N2等温吸附-脱附测试结果表明金属氧化物具有无序的介孔结构及高比表面积. 电化学测试结果表明介孔金属氧化物具有良好的超电容性能, 介孔NiO, Co3O4在5 mA放电电流下的比电容分别达176, 298 F•g－1.     

Measurements of effective delayed neutron fraction in a fast neutron reactor using the perturbation method

A perturbation method is proposed to obtain the effective delayed neutron fraction β_(eff) of a cylindrical highly enriched uranium reactor.Based on reactivity measurements with and without a sample at a specified position using the positive period technique,the reactor reactivity perturbation △ρ of the sample in β_(eff) units is measured.Simulations of the perturbation experiments are performed using the MCNP program.The PERT card is used to provide the difference dκ of effective neutron multiplication factors with and without the sample inside the reactor.Based on the relationship between the effective multiplication factor and the reactivity,the equation β~(eff)=dκ/△ρ is derived.In this paper,the reactivity perturbations of 13 metal samples at the designable position of the reactor are measured and calculated.The average β_(eff) value of the reactor is given as 0.00645,and the standard uncertainty is 3.0%.Additionally,the perturbation experiments for β_(eff) can be used to evaluate the reliabilities of the delayed neutron parameters.This work shows that the delayed neutron data of ~(235)U and ~(238)U from G.R.Keepin's publication are more reliable than those from ENDF-B6.0.ENDF-B7.0,JENDL3.3 and CENDL2.2.     

第九届全国流体力学青年研讨会报告综述

简要介绍了第九届全国流体力学青年研讨会的会议举办情况,对参加此次学术研讨会的各位专家、学者所做的报告内容进行了综述,并给出一些建设性的意见和建议.      

燃爆冲击作用下岩石初始破坏区形成机制与主控因素

为揭示燃爆冲击作用下井周岩石破坏区的形成机制,并分析影响初始破坏区(破碎区和初始裂隙区)的主控因素,开展了两种岩样在不同加载速率下的冲击破坏实验, 分析了岩石冲击破坏模式及岩石对加载速率的响应, 借助基于Von Mise准则建立的岩石冲击破坏的破碎区和初始裂隙区计算模型可知:加载速率低于190 GPa/s时,可依据冲击峰值压力引导的应力分布确定破碎区和初始裂隙区作用范围;燃爆压裂在近井地带主要产生破碎区和裂隙区,破碎区直径为井眼直径的1~3倍,初始裂隙区直径为井眼直径的5~7倍;冲击载荷作用下,初始破坏区与加载速率、脆性指数呈正相关,且受脆性指数影响更显著。研究结果可提高对燃爆压裂过程中岩石的破坏模式及其主控因素的认识深度,为燃爆压裂冲击条件设计提供指导。     

HZSM-5/SAPO-11复合分子筛的制备、 表征及在异丁烷芳构化反应中的催化性能

将经聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵(PDDA)预处理的HZSM-5分子筛置于SAPO-11分子筛的合成母液中, 在水热体系中原位制备了一系列HZSM-5/SAPO-11复合分子筛, 并对分子筛的结构、 形貌及酸性进行了表征, 考察了其在异丁烷芳构化反应中的催化性能. 结果表明, 所得复合分子筛由HZSM-5表面包覆约20 nm的SAPO-11微晶组成, 且通过调变SAPO-11的Si含量可以有效调变复合分子筛的酸性, 提高芳构化强弱酸协同催化作用, 有效抑制裂解副反应. 结合异丁烷芳构化转化率及液体收率结果可知, 当SAPO-11合成溶胶中硅铝摩尔比为0.6时, HZSM-5/SAPO-11复合分子筛的芳构化活性及稳定性最佳.